Chills

Definition

Chills is the common name for a feeling of coldness accompanied by shivering and possibly fever.

Causes & symptoms

Chills may occur due to the following reasons:

• Exposure to extremely low outside temperature.
• Insufficient protection from cold temperature or weather.
• Age, as newborns and elders are intolerant of cold temperature.
• Anemia, particularly in women who frequently complain of cold intolerance. The condition is frequently found in females of reproductive age due to significant monthly blood loss during menses.
• Stress or poor health condition.
• Malnutrition. Poor diet and/or B-complex vitamin deficiency often makes a person more sensitive to cold temperature.
• Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is one of the most common reasons for cold intolerance in women.
• Diabetes.
• Poor immune function as in AIDS or cancer patients. In these patients, chills and shivering may be signs of infections (most likely), tumors, drug-induced fever, or malnutrition.
• Infections. Chills and fever are often caused by the common cold or viral infections. However, they may also be due to something more serious such as cystitis (bladder infection), septicemia (blood infections), pneumonia, meningitis, malaria or tuberculosis.
• Medications. Certain medications such as beta interferons can cause chills as side effect.
• Unknown infections or diseases.

Diagnosis

Those suffering from chills should investigate possible causes if the symptoms persist or are accompanied by fever and/or night sweat. They may be a sign or symptom of something serious and may require medical attention. Doctor can make accurate diagnosis of underlying diseases through detailed questioning about the chills, accompanying symptoms if any, patient's diet, daily stress, and lifestyle. In addition, doctors may order blood tests for anemia, hypothyroidism, or infections if these conditions are suspected.

Treatment

Alternative treatment of chills includes protecting oneself from inclement weather conditions, drinking warm teas, and making appropriate dietary changes. Ayurvedic treatment might include fomenation therapy, called svedana, to aggravate the fatty tissue and force excess sweat out of the body. Svedana is used to relieve bodily stiffness, heaviness, and coldness.

In traditional Chinese medicine, those complaining of chills should follow a diet of "warming" foods and avoid "cold" foods. Reference to cold or warming does not mean the actual temperature of the food, but its internal effect. In general, the Chinese recommend cooked rather than cold, raw foods for this condition. The Ayurvedic formula for producing internal heat is trikodu, made of equal parts of ginger, black pepper, and long pepper (pippali, native to India and Java), and alleviating coldness and stagnation in the body.