Nonspecific back pain

Definition

Nonspecific back pain refers to pain in the back due to an unknown cause.

See also: Low back pain

Alternative Names

Back pain - nonspecific

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Back pain is one of the most common complaints treated by physicians. Nearly four out of five people will have back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can not be found.

Back pain can develop in association with a number of causes, including muscle strain, injury to the back, overuse, muscle disorders, pressure on a nerve root, poor posture, and many others. Pregnant women, smokers, construction workers, and people who do repetitive lifting all have increased risk of back pain. .

Symptoms

• Low back pain
• Pain in any part of the back
• Pain may radiate to the buttocks or upper leg(s)

Signs and tests

A physical examination focused on the back, the abdomen, and the extremities may confirm back pain or muscle spasm, but the examination does not reveal a specific cause (such as a herniated disk) or any neurological problem (such as weakness or change in sensation).

X-rays of the spine are usually normal. Further work-up may include a CT scan or MRI of the spine.

Treatment

Most nonspecific back pain is probably caused by muscle strain. It usually responds to 2-5 days of rest and pain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), which includes ibuprofen and naproxen, followed by gradual return to activities. Medications may be needed to reduce muscle spasms.

Physical therapy is often prescribed so the patient follows proper body mechanics (such as good posture and lifting correctly) and to improve strength and flexibility in the spine, abdomen, and legs.

Surgery is not useful for the treatment of nonspecific back pain.

Expectations (prognosis)

Most cases of nonspecific back pain go away on their own or respond to treatment. It is helpful to sleep on a firm mattress, with a board under the mattress, or even on the floor. Heat or ice applied to the affected area may provide some relief.